Debug Logging

日誌文件位置

# 預設位置
~/.bitcoin/debug.log           # Linux/macOS
%APPDATA%\Bitcoin\debug.log    # Windows

# 自定義數據目錄
~/.bitcoin-testnet/debug.log   # testnet
~/.bitcoin-signet/debug.log    # signet

# 日誌文件大小
# 預設最大 10 MB，超過後會輪換為 debug.log.1

# 查看所有可用的日誌類別
bitcoin-cli logging

# 輸出示例
{
  "net": false,
  "tor": false,
  "mempool": false,
  "http": false,
  "bench": false,
  "zmq": false,
  "walletdb": false,
  "rpc": false,
  "estimatefee": false,
  "addrman": false,
  "selectcoins": false,
  "reindex": false,
  "cmpctblock": false,
  "rand": false,
  "prune": false,
  "proxy": false,
  "mempoolrej": false,
  "libevent": false,
  "coindb": false,
  "qt": false,
  "leveldb": false,
  "validation": false,
  "i2p": false,
  "ipc": false,
  ...
}

# bitcoin.conf

# 啟用特定類別
debug=net
debug=mempool
debug=validation

# 啟用所有類別（產生大量日誌！）
debug=1

# 禁用日誌文件（只輸出到控制台）
# nodebuglogfile=1

# 日誌時間戳
logtimestamps=1

# 微秒級時間戳
logtimemicros=1

# 包含線程名稱
logthreadnames=1

# 包含源文件位置
logsourcelocations=1

# 縮短日誌（無時間戳和類別）
# logips=1  # 記錄 IP 地址

# 運行時啟用/禁用日誌類別
bitcoin-cli logging '["net", "mempool"]'      # 啟用
bitcoin-cli logging '[]' '["net", "mempool"]' # 禁用

# 啟用所有
bitcoin-cli logging '["all"]'

# 禁用所有
bitcoin-cli logging '[]' '["all"]'

# 查看當前設置
bitcoin-cli logging

# 實時監控日誌
tail -f ~/.bitcoin/debug.log

# 過濾特定類別
tail -f ~/.bitcoin/debug.log | grep "\[net\]"

# 過濾新區塊
tail -f ~/.bitcoin/debug.log | grep "UpdateTip"

# 過濾連接事件
tail -f ~/.bitcoin/debug.log | grep -E "(Added|Removed) connection"

# 過濾錯誤
tail -f ~/.bitcoin/debug.log | grep -i error

# 查看最近的驗證錯誤
grep "ERROR" ~/.bitcoin/debug.log | tail -20

# 統計連接類型
grep "connection type" ~/.bitcoin/debug.log | sort | uniq -c

# 新區塊
2024-01-15T12:00:00Z UpdateTip: new best=000000000000000000028ed...
  height=800000 version=0x20000000 log2_work=94.123456
  tx=876543210 date='2024-01-15T12:00:00Z' progress=0.999999
  cache=450.0MiB(3456789txo)

# 節點連接
2024-01-15T12:00:01Z [net] Added connection peer=123 connection type=outbound-full-relay

# 交易進入 mempool
2024-01-15T12:00:02Z [mempool] AcceptToMemoryPool: peer=45:
  accepted abc123... (poolsz 5432 txn, 3456 kB)

# 交易被拒絕
2024-01-15T12:00:03Z [mempoolrej] def456... from peer=67 was not accepted:
  min relay fee not met, 100 < 1000

# 區塊驗證
2024-01-15T12:00:04Z [validation] Validating block 000000000000000000028ed...
2024-01-15T12:00:05Z [validation] - Connect postprocess: 12.34ms [0.12s]

# 幣選擇
2024-01-15T12:00:06Z [selectcoins] Fee rate: 10.00 sat/vB
2024-01-15T12:00:06Z [selectcoins] Target: 50000000 sats
2024-01-15T12:00:06Z [selectcoins] Algo: Branch and Bound

# 調試網路問題
bitcoin-cli logging '["net", "addrman"]'
# 然後查看：
grep -E "\[net\]|\[addrman\]" ~/.bitcoin/debug.log | tail -100

# 調試交易廣播
bitcoin-cli logging '["mempool", "mempoolrej", "net"]'
# 發送交易後查看：
grep "abc123" ~/.bitcoin/debug.log  # 替換為 txid

# 調試同步問題
bitcoin-cli logging '["validation", "net", "prune"]'
grep "UpdateTip\|progress" ~/.bitcoin/debug.log | tail -50

# 調試幣選擇
bitcoin-cli logging '["selectcoins"]'
# 創建交易後查看選擇過程

# 性能分析
bitcoin-cli logging '["bench"]'
grep "\[bench\]" ~/.bitcoin/debug.log | tail -50

# Bitcoin Core 自動輪換日誌
# 當 debug.log 達到 10 MB 時，重命名為 debug.log.1

# 使用 logrotate（Linux）配置更精細的輪換
# /etc/logrotate.d/bitcoin

/home/bitcoin/.bitcoin/debug.log {
    daily
    rotate 7
    compress
    delaycompress
    missingok
    notifempty
    create 0640 bitcoin bitcoin
    postrotate
        # 通知 bitcoind 重新打開日誌文件
        kill -HUP $(cat /var/run/bitcoind.pid 2>/dev/null) 2>/dev/null || true
    endscript
}

# 手動清理舊日誌
rm ~/.bitcoin/debug.log.1
# 或截斷當前日誌
> ~/.bitcoin/debug.log

# 查看/設置日誌類別
bitcoin-cli logging
bitcoin-cli logging '["net"]'

# 獲取記憶體資訊（包含日誌緩衝區）
bitcoin-cli getmemoryinfo

# 查看 RPC 伺服器資訊
bitcoin-cli getrpcinfo

# 上次處理的區塊時間
bitcoin-cli getblockchaininfo | jq '.time, .mediantime'

# 節點運行時間
bitcoin-cli uptime