Node Operation 節點運營

Hardware Configuration Recommendations

Minimum Configuration (Small Node):
• CPU: 4 cores
• RAM: 8 GB
• Storage: 500 GB SSD (Bitcoin + LN)
• Network: Stable connection, static IP or Tor
• Example: Raspberry Pi 4 8GB + SSD

Recommended Configuration (Routing Node):
• CPU: 8+ cores
• RAM: 16-32 GB
• Storage: 1-2 TB NVMe SSD
• Network: Enterprise-grade, low latency
• UPS: Uninterruptible power supply
• Backup: Automatic off-site backup

Storage Requirements Estimate:
• Bitcoin full node: ~600 GB (and growing)
• Bitcoin pruned node: ~10 GB (configurable)
• LND database: ~5-50 GB (depends on channel count)
• CLN database: ~1-10 GB
• Logs and backups: ~10-50 GB

Network Options

1. Static Public IP
Advantages: Best connectivity, lowest latency
Disadvantages: Poor privacy, requires firewall configuration

Configuration:
• Open ports: 9735 (LN), 8333 (Bitcoin)
• Set up NAT traversal or DMZ
• Configure firewall rules

2. Tor Hidden Service
Advantages: Good privacy, no fixed IP needed, traverses NAT
Disadvantages: Higher latency, some nodes don't support

Configuration (lnd.conf):
[Tor]
tor.active=true
tor.v3=true
tor.streamisolation=true

Generated address: xxx...xxx.onion:9735

3. Hybrid Mode
Use both clearnet and Tor simultaneously
Maximize connectivity

Node announces two addresses:
• 203.0.113.1:9735 (clearnet)
• xxx.onion:9735 (Tor)

安全措施清單：

1. 錢包安全
├── 使用硬體錢包簽名（如果支援）
├── 安全備份助記詞（離線、多副本、不同地點）
├── 使用強密碼加密錢包
└── 定期測試恢復流程

2. 通道備份
├── 啟用 Static Channel Backup（SCB）
├── 自動備份到多個位置
├── 使用 upfront_shutdown_script 保護資金
└── 定期驗證備份有效性

3. 系統安全
├── 最小化系統服務
├── 定期更新系統和節點軟體
├── 使用防火牆限制訪問
├── SSH 密鑰認證（禁用密碼）
├── 啟用自動安全更新
└── 監控異常登入

4. 操作安全
├── 使用獨立機器運行節點
├── 避免在節點機器上執行其他服務
├── 限制 API 訪問（macaroon 權限最小化）
├── 使用 VPN 遠程管理
└── 記錄所有管理操作

Metrics to Monitor

Node Health:
• Node online status
• Peer connection count
• Bitcoin block sync status
• Memory and CPU usage
• Disk space

Channel Status:
• Active channel count
• Pending channel count
• Force close events
• Channel capacity changes
• HTLC status

Routing Performance:
• Forwarding success rate
• Daily routing income
• Failure reason distribution
• Average fees
• Channel utilization

Alert Settings:

Critical Alerts (immediate notification):
• Node offline
• Force close occurred
• Disk space low
• Unusual large transactions

Warning Alerts (daily summary):
• Channel balance severely imbalanced
• Routing success rate declining
• Peer offline for extended time

Monitoring Tools:
• ThunderHub: Web interface management
• RTL (Ride The Lightning): Full-featured management UI
• lndmon: Prometheus metrics export
• Balance of Satoshis (bos): CLI toolkit
• Grafana + Prometheus: Custom monitoring dashboards

日常操作命令（LND）：

# 節點狀態
lncli getinfo
lncli getnetworkinfo

# 通道管理
lncli listchannels
lncli pendingchannels
lncli closedchannels

# 餘額查詢
lncli walletbalance
lncli channelbalance

# 對等節點
lncli listpeers
lncli connect <pubkey>@<host>

# 路由統計
lncli fwdinghistory
lncli feereport

# 備份
lncli exportchanbackup --all --output_file=backup.scb

日常操作命令（CLN）：

# 節點狀態
lightning-cli getinfo
lightning-cli listfunds

# 通道管理
lightning-cli listpeerchannels
lightning-cli listclosedchannels

# 支付
lightning-cli pay <bolt11>
lightning-cli invoice <amount> <label> <description>

# 路由
lightning-cli listforwards

Common Problems and Solutions

Node won't start:
• Check Bitcoin node status
• Check disk space
• View log errors
• Verify configuration file
• Confirm port not in use

Cannot connect to peers:
• Check network connection
• Confirm firewall settings
• Verify Tor service status
• Try other peers
• Check if peer node is online

Channel stuck in pending:
• Check funding transaction confirmations
• Use CPFP to accelerate (if possible)
• Confirm peer node is online
• Wait for more confirmations

HTLC timeout:
• Check peer node status
• View routing path
• Confirm invoice not expired
• Check CLTV settings