入門
Lightning Wallets 錢包指南
了解不同類型的閃電錢包，從託管到自託管，從手機到節點，選擇適合你需求的錢包。
12 分鐘
錢包類型概述
閃電錢包的選擇取決於你的技術能力、安全需求和使用場景。 從完全託管到運行自己的節點，有多種選項可供選擇。
權衡取捨： 更多的自主權意味著更多的責任。託管簡單但需要信任； 自託管安全但需要技術能力。選擇適合你的平衡點。
錢包分類
Wallet Type Spectrum Custody Level: Low <-------------------------> High ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │ Full │ │ LSP │ │ Semi- │ │ Fully │ │ Node │ │ Wallet │ │ Custodial│ │ Custodial│ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ Run your own Hold keys, Key split/ Provider node, full LSP provides co-custody holds your control liquidity funds Security vs Convenience: More Secure ────────────────────────────> More Convenient Full Node > LSP Wallet > Semi-Custodial > Fully Custodial More Convenient ────────────────────────> More Secure Fully Custodial > Semi-Custodial > LSP Wallet > Full Node
託管錢包
Custodial Wallet Characteristics
How it works:
User ---------> Provider Node ---------> Lightning Network
(account (actual
balance) channels)
• User only has account, no private keys
• Provider runs node, manages all channels
Pros:
• Instant availability, no channel setup wait
• No technical knowledge required
• Usually lower fees (batch processing)
• Convenient for small amounts
• Social features supported
Cons:
• Requires trusting provider
• Provider can freeze funds
• Poor privacy (provider sees all transactions)
• Provider bankruptcy risk
• May require KYC
Best for:
• Beginners getting started
• Small daily spending
• Social payments
• Users who don't want technical management 自託管 LSP 錢包
LSP (Lightning Service Provider) Wallet How it works: User Wallet <----channel----> LSP -----> Lightning Network (holds keys) User holds private keys. LSP provides: • Inbound liquidity • Routing services • Channel management • Backup services Key Features: Automatic Channel Management: • Auto channel opening • Auto inbound capacity increase • Auto rebalancing Simplified UX: • Ready to receive on first payment • No need to understand channel concepts • Similar to on-chain wallet experience Pros: • You hold private keys • Funds under your control • Better privacy • No KYC required • Good user experience Cons: • Depends on LSP availability • LSP may charge service fees • Need to manage backups • First receive may need on-chain tx
全節點錢包
Running Your Own Lightning Node
Architecture:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ User Hardware │
│ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ │
│ │ Bitcoin │<---│ Lightning│<---│ Wallet │ │
│ │ Core │ │ Node │ │ UI │ │
│ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
│
▼
Lightning Network
Node Software Options:
LND (Lightning Labs):
• Written in Go
• Most widely used
• Rich API
• Active dev community
Core Lightning (Blockstream):
• Written in C
• Flexible plugin system
• Native Liquidity Ads support
• Lightweight
Eclair (ACINQ):
• Written in Scala
• Enterprise-grade stability
• Phoenix wallet backend
• Trampoline support
LDK (Spiral):
• Rust library
• Embedded use
• Highly customizable
• Good for developer integration
Hardware Options:
• Dedicated: Umbrel, Start9, RaspiBlitz, myNode
• Cloud VPS: requires reliable network/storage
• Home computer: requires continuous operation
• Enterprise server: high availability setup 熱門錢包比較
Phoenix (自託管)
ACINQ 開發。自動通道管理，支援 Trampoline， 極佳的用戶體驗。使用 Eclair 後端。
Breez (自託管)
全功能閃電錢包，內建 POS 和 Podcast 功能。 使用 LND 作為後端，開源。
Muun (混合)
鏈上和閃電整合。使用 Submarine Swap 實現閃電支付。 2-of-2 多簽保護。
Zeus (自託管)
連接到自己節點的遠端控制器。 支援 LND、Core Lightning、Eclair。內嵌 LND 選項。
Wallet of Satoshi (託管)
極簡託管錢包。安裝即用，無需設置。 適合小額和新手。
Alby (瀏覽器)
瀏覽器擴展，支援 WebLN。可連接自己節點 或使用託管帳戶。適合網頁支付。
選擇考量因素
Wallet Decision Tree By Amount: • Small (< $100): Custodial is fine, quick and easy • Medium ($100 - $1000): LSP wallet better, keep control • Large (> $1000): Consider running your own node By Usage Frequency: • Occasional: Custodial or LSP wallet, low maintenance • Daily use: LSP wallet, balance convenience and control • Business use: Your own node, full control By Technical Skill: • Beginner: Start with custodial, learn gradually • Intermediate: LSP wallet, understand basic concepts • Advanced: Run a node, full control By Privacy Needs: • Low: Custodial acceptable • Medium: LSP wallet (LSP still sees transactions) • High: Own node + Tor • Maximum: Own node + private channels
備份和恢復
Backup Strategies by Wallet Type Custodial Wallet: • Usually just remember account/password • Provider handles all backups • If provider disappears, funds may be unrecoverable LSP Wallet: Seed phrase backup (12-24 words): • Recovers on-chain funds • May need LSP help to recover channels Static Channel Backup (SCB): • Records channel peer info • Force close to recover funds Cloud backup: • Many wallets auto-backup to cloud Full Node: Must backup: • Seed phrase / HD seed • channel.backup / SCB • Wallet database (optional but recommended) Auto-backup strategy: • Auto-backup SCB on every channel change • Backup to multiple locations • Regularly test recovery process Important Reminders: • Seed phrase only recovers on-chain funds • Channel funds need SCB or full backup • Old backup may trigger penalty transaction • Never store seed phrase online
備份警告： 閃電通道資金無法僅靠種子詞恢復。必須定期備份通道狀態， 並且永遠不要使用舊備份，否則可能觸發懲罰機制損失所有資金。
安全最佳實踐
Wallet Security Best Practices Basic Security: [x] Download wallet from official sources [x] Verify app signature/hash [x] Enable device encryption [x] Use strong password/PIN [x] Enable biometrics (if available) [x] Keep software updated Seed Phrase Protection: [x] Record offline (paper or metal) [x] Store in multiple secure locations [ ] Don't screenshot [ ] Don't store in cloud [ ] Don't send via email [ ] Don't enter on any website Node Security: [x] Use Tor to hide IP [x] Update software regularly [x] Monitor channel activity [x] Set up watchtower [x] Limit remote access [x] Use firewall Fund Distribution: • Don't put all funds in one wallet • Hot wallet: only daily spending amount • Large amounts: cold storage + Lightning combo • Periodically move Lightning balance back on-chain
相關資源
下一步： 了解 WebLN 如何在網頁中整合閃電支付。
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